Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Copenhagen shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Copenhagen offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Copenhagen at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Copenhagen? Wrong! If the Copenhagen is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Copenhagen then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Copenhagen? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Copenhagen and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Copenhagen wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Copenhagen then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Copenhagen site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Copenhagen, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Copenhagen, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; float:right; width:300px; border-collapse:collapse;" class="toccolours"|+ style="font-size: larger; margin-left:inherit;"|København|- style="text-align:center; background: #FFF;"|colspan="2"||- style="text-align:center; background: #FFF;"|colspan="2"|Coat of arms of Copenhagen|- style="text-align:center; background: #FFF;"|colspan="2"|
Location in Denmark|-| - Municipal || 88.25 [square kilometre|-| - Capital region(less Bornh.)||1973 km²|-| - Capital region+East Zealand ||2673 km²|-! colspan="2" | Population (2007-01-01)] (city/met/region/region+) ||5707/1947/807/683/km²|-! colspan="2" | Additional information|-|Time zone+1|-|Latitude
Longitude|55°43' N
12°34' E|}

Copenhagen (; ) is the [capital of Denmark and the country's largest city. Copenhagen is the seat of the national Folketing, the Government of Denmark, and the List of Danish monarchs.

With the completion of the transnational Oresund bridge in 2000, Copenhagen and the Sweden city of Malmö are connected by a car/rail link and are in the process of integrating their respective labour markets, resulting in the number of commuters from both sides growing annually.

In 2007, the magazine Monocle (2007 magazine) listed Copenhagen second in their Top 20 Most Liveable Cities Chart Monocles page on Copenhagen.

The original designation for the city, from which the contemporary Danish name is derived, was Kjøbmandehavn, "merchants' harbor". The English name for the city is derived from its Low German name, Kopenhagen. The element hafnium is named after the city's Latin language name, Hafnia Biography of George de Hevesy.

Copenhagen municipalities The city of Copenhagen is for historic reasons divided into several municipalities. The central and largest is Copenhagen municipality, the second largest is Frederiksberg which is an enclave inside Copenhagen municipality. Both are contained in the larger Copenhagen Capital Region, which contains most of the Copenhagen metropolitan area.

There is no official definition of what makes up the city of Copenhagen. Previously, the areas of Frederiksberg, Gentofte and Copenhagen municipalities have been used, but now most statistics use the urban area, which contains an additional 15 municipalities from the Copenhagen Capital Region.

Copenhagen and Frederiksberg were two of the three last Danish municipalities not belonging to a Counties of Denmark. On 1 January 2007, the municipalities lost their county privileges and became part of Copenhagen Capital Region.

seen from "Søerne"

History From the Viking Age there was a fishing village by the name of "Havn" (harbour) at the site. From the middle of the 12th century it grew in importance after coming into the possession of the Bishop Absalon, who fortified it in 1167, the year traditionally marking the foundation of Copenhagen. The excellent harbour encouraged Copenhagen's growth until it became an important centre of commerce (hence its name - the first part of the word denoting commerce in Danish language). It was repeatedly attacked by the Hanseatic League as the Germans took notice. In 1254, it received its charter as a city under Bishop Jakob Erlandsen.

During 1658-59 it withstood a severe siege by the Sweden under Charles X of Sweden and successfully repelled a major The assault on Copenhagen. In 1801 a British fleet under Admiral Parker fought a major battle, the Battle of Copenhagen, with the Danish navy in Copenhagen harbour. It was during this battle Horatio Nelson famously "put the telescope to the blind eye" in order not to see Admiral Parker's signal to cease fire. When a British expeditionary force Battle of Copenhagen (1807), to gain control of the Danish navy, the city suffered great damage and hundreds of people were killed. The reason why the devastation was so great was that Copenhagen relied on an old defence-line rendered virtually useless by the increase in shooting range available to the British. But not until the 1850s were the ramparts of the city opened to allow new housing to be built around the lakes ("Søerne") which bordered the old defence system to the west. This dramatic increase of space was long overdue, not only because the old ramparts were out of date as a defence system, but also because of bad sanitation in the old city. Before the opening, Copenhagen Center was inhabited by approximately 125,000 people, peaking in the census of 1870 (140,000); today the figure is around 25,000. In 1901, Copenhagen expanded further, incorporating communities with 40,000 people, and in the process making Frederiksberg an enclave within Copenhagen.

During World War II, Copenhagen was Occupation of Denmark along with the rest of the country from 9 April 1940 until 4 May 1945. In August 1943, when the government's collaboration with the occupation forces collapsed, several ships were sunk in Copenhagen Harbour by the Royal Danish Navy to prevent them being used by the Germans. The city has grown greatly since the war, in the seventies using the so-called five-finger-plan of commuter trainlines to surrounding towns and suburbs. in the wintertime

Since the summer 2000, the cities of Copenhagen and Malmö have been connected by a toll bridge/tunnel (Oresund Bridge), which allows both rail and road passengers to cross. It was inaugurated in July 2000 by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden of Sweden and Margrethe II of Denmark of Denmark. As a result, Copenhagen has become the centre of a larger metropolitan area which spans both nations. The construction of the bridge has led to a large number of changes to the public transportation system and the extensive redevelopment of Amager, south of the main city. The bridge has not yet been as widely used by motorists as was originally hoped, likely due to the high road tolls, allegedly slowing the planned integration of the region. Train passengers, however, are plentiful and increasing in numbers. The lack of a commonly acceptable currency throughout the area is another hindrance to the integration of the region, even though a growing number of shops, restaurants etc, if not usually encouraged, accept payment with either nation's currency in the other country.

Location Copenhagen is located on the eastern shore of the island of Zealand and partly on the island of Amager. Copenhagen faces to the east the Oresund, the strait of water that separates Denmark from Sweden, and that connects the North Sea with the Baltic Sea. On the Swedish side of the sound directly across from Copenhagen, lie the towns of Malmö and Landskrona.

Copenhagen is also a part of the Øresund region, which consists of the eastern part of Zealand in Denmark and the western part of Scania (region) in Sweden.

Boroughs and Areas Østerbro, Nørrebro (pic: Nørrebro), Vesterbro (pic: Central CPH seen from Vesterbro), Amagerbro (pic: Urban-planen near Amagerbro), Valby (pic: Domus Vista project in Valby), Kongens Enghave (King's Meadow Garden), also known as Sydhavnen (meaning South Harbour), Christianshavn, Freetown_Christiania, Sundbyvester (Sundby West),Sundbyøster (Sundby East), Ørestad (pic: Ørestad North), Islands Brygge (pic: Islands Brygge at night), Bellahøj (pic: Bellahøj projects), Brønshøj, Ryparken (pic: Ryparken), Bispebjerg, Vigerslev, Vestamager, Vanløse.

The term bro in the names Østerbro, Nørrebro, and Vesterbro should not be confused with the Danish word for bridge, which is also 'bro'. The term is thought to be an abbreviation or short form of the Danish word brolagt meaning paved referring to the roads paved with cobblestones leading to the city's former gates - Østerport, Nørreport, and Vesterport - around which these boroughs grew. Thus the names could roughly be translated as Eastern, Western, and Northern Paved (Road), respectively.

Today the names Østerport, Nørreport, and Vesterport all refer to train stations located on the railroad that was build where the city-walls used to be. This is the border between the medieval town and the rest of Indre By.

Outer suburbs Northern suburbs: Lyngby, Klampenborg, Søllerød, Brede, Gentofte, Charlottenlund, Virum, Sorgenfri, Nærum, Vedbæk, Tårbæk, Skodsborg, Holte and Birkerød. Some of these suburbs are spoken of as "The Whiskey Belt" because most families have a high income. Especially along the Strandvejen (Beach Road), where mostly owners of private enterprises live.

North-Western suburbs: Værløse, Farum, Bagsværd (pic: Central Bagsværd), Buddinge, Tingbjerg, Mørkhøj, Søborg, Vangede, Gladsaxe, Høje-Gladsaxe (Gladsaxe Heights) (pic: Gladsaxe Heights) and Hareskovby. These suburbs are mostly middle-class suburban. Mostly covered by single-family houses and in some areas housing projects. These suburbs are typically sleepy-towns with not much cultural life and mostly all shops closing at 8pm. Some of the areas have 65% or more percent of immigrants, while other areas, only have 5-6% immigrants or people with foreign-background.

Western suburbs: Herlev (pic: Herlev Hospital), Ballerup (pic: Block in Ballerup), Skovlunde, Islev, Måløv, Rødovre, Hvidovre, Glostrup, Brøndby (pic: Brøndby townhall), Hvessinge (pic: Hvessinge), Albertslund, Taastrup and Høje-Taastrup (Taastrup Heights), Hedehusene. Most of these suburbs have many industrial zones and low income shops along the main roads, especially along Roskildevej. The suburbs' inhabitants live in either single-family houses and high-rise housing projects as in Brøndby and in Høje-Taastrup which also houses a high number of immigrants. In Albertslund you find Denmark's largest concrete low-rise housing project.

South-Western suburbs: Avedøre, Åmarken, Brøndby Strand (pic: Brøndby Strand Projects), Vallensbæk, Ishøj, Hundige (pic: Hundige Central), Greve, Karlslunde, Solrød, Jersie and Køge. The suburbs closest to Copenhagen City are dominated by large housing projects/concrete suburb. This is mostly low-income areas. In the suburbs more far away, has mainly single-family houses. The south-western suburbs to Copenhagen has a sizeable number of immigrants and people born by immigrant parents.

Amager Island suburbs: Kastrup, Tårnby and Dragør. Dragør can be counted as a suburb because of the near distance to Copenhagen. But most people living in Dragør feel there are far from the people in Copenhagen because of lifestyle. Dragør also houses a lot of old houses, that makes Dragør look like a village town. Kastrup is the most "visited" suburb of Copenhagen simply because The Copenhagen Airport resides here, most of the houses in Kastrup is primarily single-family houses and low-rise. Tårnby has one small housing project and in the southern part of the suburb, is the names of the road named after African countries.

Population Since the exact city-limits of Copenhagen are poorly defined, the population numbers are somewhat abstract. Danmarks Statistik uses a measure of the contiguously built-up urban area of Copenhagen, this means the number of communities included in this statistical abstract has changed several times, in the abstracts latest edition with slightly more than 1.1 million (1,145,804(2007)) inhabitants. Statistics Denmark has never stated the geographical area of urban Copenhagen, surely because of the changes, and the information is hard to come by. However we know it consists of Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg and 16 of the 20 municipalities in the old counties Copenhagen County and Roskilde County, though 5 of them only partiallyLargest cities of Denmark 2007.

From 1 January 2007 the population of the 33 municipalities closest to and including the municipality of Copenhagen is 1,825,814 .(p.8)Population Land area: 2,673 km² (1,032 sq mi).(Copenhagen Region - Bornholm + East Zealand). Water area: 105 km² (40.5 sq mi).Orientering fra Københavns Kommune.Statistisk Kontor.2003 nr. 25 Thus, the region comprises 6.3% of the land area of Denmark, but has 33.5% of Denmark's population. This gives a total of 683 inhabitants per km² or 1,769 per square mile for the region. This compares with a population density in the rest of the country of approximately 90 per km² or around 230 per square mile.

A high-ranking civil servant of the Interior Ministry, Henning Strøm, who was involved in (i.e. known as "the Father of") a past municipal reform, which took effect on 1 April 1970, said on television, broadcast in connection with the recent Municipalities of Denmark#Municipality Reform 2007, that Copenhagen municipality would encompass an area with 1.5 million inhabitants, if the principles of the 1970 municipal reform were also applied on Copenhagen municipality.DR netnews 25-06-04 In other words: in the rest of Denmark the city occupies only part of the municipality, but in Copenhagen the municipality of Copenhagen occupies only part of the city of Copenhagen.

Demography Approximately 30% of all the children in the public schools of Copenhagen have a foreign background. Copenhagen now has a sizeable immigrant population which has slowly but steadily increased since the late 1960s when the first wave of immigrants arrived, then known as 'Guest workers'. Over the years others have joined them, especially refugees but also more foreign workers and students.

The foreigners and immigrants typically come from Western European countries such as neighbouring Sweden and Norway but also Great Britain, Eastern Europe (mostly Poland, Latvia and Lithuania), former Yugoslavia, the Middle East (esp. Turkey, Iraq, the West Bank/Gaza), Somalia, Pakistan and Vietnam.

Recreation and Culture General situation Copenhagen has been ranked as one of the world's best cities to live in, despite the high cost of living. Accommodation is quite affordable for the average person compared to London and Paris. Mercer: Copenhagen one of the world's best cities to live in

Strøget, a three kilometre long pedestrian shopping street in central Copenhagen was inaugurated in 1961. Copenhagen's extensive pedestrian network has been developed over the last 40 years through the work of architect and professor Jan Gehl.

Sexual equality is a high priority in Denmark. Women encounter little or no discrimination in Copenhagen, sexual harassment is rare compared to other Western capital cities, and crime against women is low.

Music and entertainment The Copenhagen Jazz Festival, which takes place in summer, is a popular annual event that is the result of a significant jazz scene having existed for many years. It developed significantly when a number of United States jazz musicians such as Ben Webster, Thad Jones, Richard B. Boone, Ernie Wilkins, Kenny Drew, Ed Thigpen, Bob Rockwell and others such as rock guitarist Link Wray came to live in Copenhagen during the 1960s.

For free entertainment one can stroll along Strøget, especially between Nytorv and Højbro Plads, which in the late afternoon and evening is a bit like an impromptu three-ring circus with musicians, Magician (illusion), jugglers and other busking.

Sports Copenhagen has a wide variety of sport teams. Denmark's leading football (soccer) teams, FC København, is based in Copenhagen. FC København plays at Parken in Østerbro, Copenhagen.Notable Copenhagen teams playing at the second highest level in Danish football (the Danish 1st Division) include Akademisk Boldklub, Hellerup IK, Boldklubben Frem, Brønshøj Boldklub, Fremad Amager and Skjold.

Copenhagen also has three ice hockey teams: Rødovre Mighty Bulls, Herlev Hornets and Nordsjælland Cobras.

There is both a men's and a women's handball team, and both teams play in the highest league. Both of the handballteams are owned by FC København and have the same name and logo. They were formerly known as FIF.

Rugby union is also played in the Danish capital with teams such as CSR-Nanok, Copenhagen Scrum, Exiles, Froggies and Rugbyklubben Speed.

The Danish Australian Football League, based in Copenhagen is the largest Australian rules football competition outside of the Anglosphere.

Copenhagen is also home to a number of Denmark's 40-odd cricket clubs. Although Denmark has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 1966, the sport is not taught much in schools, and Danish cricket team competes unfavourably with the much more widely followed sport of football for players, facilities, media attention and spectators.

Copenhagen is also home to three prominent paintball teams, the Copenhagen Ducks, The Ugly Ducklings and the Copenhagen Berserks. Because of paintball's relative popularity in Scandinavia, these teams are well-known throughout the globe, despite Denmark's small size.

The second World Outgames will take place in Copenhagen in 2009, after Berlin refused to stage them due to the continuing rivalry between the two gay sporting organisations.

Cuisine Copenhagen offers a great variety of fine restaurants and it is possible to find modest eateries with open sandwiches (called "smørrebrød"), which is the traditional and most known dish. Most restaurants, though, serve international dishes.

Also, Copenhagen is known for the hot dog stands found throughout the city. The city is also home to many fine bakeries and pastry shops.

The city boasts an impressive 10 Michelin Guide restaurants. Restaurant Noma (Nordisk Madhus) has currently been voted the 15th best restaurant in the world, and recently it received another Michelin Guide in addition with the one it already had received.

Since the mid-eighties, immigration from the Middle East, Turkey and Arabian countries has introduced fast food dishes like kebab and falafel, which have become as popular as more traditional Danish fast food.

Economy Copenhagen is a center for business and science, not only in Denmark, but also in the Oresund Region and Scandinavia. Thus the Copenhagen Capital Region had both the highest GDP per capita and economic growth in the whole of Denmark in 2005http://www.dst.dk/Statistik/Nyt/emneopdelt/nytsingle.aspx?countid=8883&ci=true&pti=1. In a survey of the world's richest cities in 2006, Copenhagen was ranked 9th, and along with the Norwegian capital Oslo the highest gross wages were paid in Copenhagen, but the high taxes mean that wages are reduced after mandatory deduction.http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest_cities.html Furthermore, Copenhagen has in several surveys been ranked as one of the most expensive cities in the Worldhttp://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities_eiu.htmlhttp://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities2.html. Copenhagen is an attractive city for business running, and several international companies have established their regional headquarters in Copenhagen. A substantial number of danish pharmaceuticals such as Novo Nordisk, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Bavarian Nordic also operates in the area, having placed their headquarters in or close to Copenhagen.http://www.usatoday.com/marketplace/ibi/copenhagen.htm

Infrastructure Roads and Motorways The Harbour of Copenhagen The harbour of Copenhagen, also known as Copenhagen Port has several functions but its main function today is as one of the leading cruise destinations in the world.

Cruise Copenhagen Network was established in 1992 as a partnership between the Port of Copenhagen, the City of Copenhagen and 45 professional suppliers, in order to strengthen and develop Copenhagen as the most successful home port for cruises in Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea.The trade magazine Dream World Cruise Destinations recently polled the cruise lines, who voted Copenhagen no. 1 in several categories:

Most Responsive Port: The port with a cruise team that responds quickly to requests for information and finds solutions to the challenges and demands of the cruise lines.

Best Destination Experience - Independent Sightseeing: Destination where the quality of the experience derives from passengers making their own arrangements for their time ashore.

World Travel Awards has several years in a row awarded Copenhagen Port as the number one cruise destination in Europe as well as the best port in the world (www.worldtravelawards.com).

Airports Copenhagen has two nearby airports, Kastrup (the large international airport) and Roskilde Lufthavn (the small international airport). Kastrup, also known as Copenhagen Airport (CPH) is Europe's 17th largest airport and has four times won the prestigious award as being "The best airport in Europe" and two times as "The best airport in the world". Roskilde Lufthavn is suited west of Copenhagen and is mostly used for National and low fare airlines.

Public transport

The public transportation system of Copenhagen consists of commuter trains (called "S-Trains" (S-tog)), Movia (transit agency), and a Copenhagen Metro. The S-trains form the basis of the transportation network, stretching to most areas of metropolitan Copenhagen, with their main hub at Copenhagen Central Station (København H). Some regional trains supplement the S-train services with lines extending further such as to the Copenhagen Airport, Elsinore, and Malmö.

Tickets are transferable from one means of transport to another (e.g. from bus to train) as long as the time limit is not exceeded. Most of the former Copenhagen region, 33 municipalities (see above (Population)), is divided into ninety-five zones, which determine the cost of a ticket. The more zones a ticket is valid for, the longer its time validity with a maximum of two hours. A trip of seven or more zones costs a base rate.

Discount cards, known as punch cards (klippekort), as well as period cards are available. Ticket prices are high and have increased substantially in recent years leading to a decrease in passenger numbers. In fact, the percentage of trips made on public transportation in Copenhagen is quite low by northern European standards.

An extensive road system is also in place, and the city's bicycle paths are extensive and well-used. The city provides Community bicycle program which can be found throughout the downtown area and used with a returnable deposit of 20 Danish krone. Bicycle paths are often separated from the main traffic lanes and sometimes have their own signal systems. Copenhagen is known as one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, ICLEI "Cities Enjoy Bicycles" awards for bicycle-friendly cities, in which Copenhagen was awarded a certificate of honour and is a center of bicycle culture.

All S-Train and other Danish train schedules can be found at www.dsb.dkmetro information at www.m.dk

Bus schedules and routes- www.movia.dk

Directions, route planners, fares, maps, etc about getting around in Copenhagen at www.rejseplanen.dk

Palace - home of the Danish Parliament Folketinget, the Supreme Court, Office of the Prime Minister and official reception area of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark - the former Stock Exchange building statue in Copenhagen harbor - home of the Danish royal family. The central building is the domed Frederik's Church located behind the palace complex

Places of note in or near Copenhagen


Notable natives

References

Notes

See also

External links

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; float:right; width:300px; border-collapse:collapse;" class="toccolours"|+ style="font-size: larger; margin-left:inherit;"|København|- style="text-align:center; background: #FFF;"|colspan="2"||- style="text-align:center; background: #FFF;"|colspan="2"|Coat of arms of Copenhagen|- style="text-align:center; background: #FFF;"|colspan="2"|
Location in Denmark|-| - Municipal || 88.25 [square kilometre|-| - Capital region(less Bornh.)||1973 km²|-| - Capital region+East Zealand ||2673 km²|-! colspan="2" | Population (2007-01-01)] (city/met/region/region+) ||5707/1947/807/683/km²|-! colspan="2" | Additional information|-|Time zone+1|-|Latitude
Longitude|55°43' N
12°34' E|}

Copenhagen (; ) is the [capital of Denmark and the country's largest city. Copenhagen is the seat of the national Folketing, the Government of Denmark, and the List of Danish monarchs.

With the completion of the transnational Oresund bridge in 2000, Copenhagen and the Sweden city of Malmö are connected by a car/rail link and are in the process of integrating their respective labour markets, resulting in the number of commuters from both sides growing annually.

In 2007, the magazine Monocle (2007 magazine) listed Copenhagen second in their Top 20 Most Liveable Cities Chart Monocles page on Copenhagen.

The original designation for the city, from which the contemporary Danish name is derived, was Kjøbmandehavn, "merchants' harbor". The English name for the city is derived from its Low German name, Kopenhagen. The element hafnium is named after the city's Latin language name, Hafnia Biography of George de Hevesy.

Copenhagen municipalities The city of Copenhagen is for historic reasons divided into several municipalities. The central and largest is Copenhagen municipality, the second largest is Frederiksberg which is an enclave inside Copenhagen municipality. Both are contained in the larger Copenhagen Capital Region, which contains most of the Copenhagen metropolitan area.

There is no official definition of what makes up the city of Copenhagen. Previously, the areas of Frederiksberg, Gentofte and Copenhagen municipalities have been used, but now most statistics use the urban area, which contains an additional 15 municipalities from the Copenhagen Capital Region.

Copenhagen and Frederiksberg were two of the three last Danish municipalities not belonging to a Counties of Denmark. On 1 January 2007, the municipalities lost their county privileges and became part of Copenhagen Capital Region.

seen from "Søerne"

History From the Viking Age there was a fishing village by the name of "Havn" (harbour) at the site. From the middle of the 12th century it grew in importance after coming into the possession of the Bishop Absalon, who fortified it in 1167, the year traditionally marking the foundation of Copenhagen. The excellent harbour encouraged Copenhagen's growth until it became an important centre of commerce (hence its name - the first part of the word denoting commerce in Danish language). It was repeatedly attacked by the Hanseatic League as the Germans took notice. In 1254, it received its charter as a city under Bishop Jakob Erlandsen.

During 1658-59 it withstood a severe siege by the Sweden under Charles X of Sweden and successfully repelled a major The assault on Copenhagen. In 1801 a British fleet under Admiral Parker fought a major battle, the Battle of Copenhagen, with the Danish navy in Copenhagen harbour. It was during this battle Horatio Nelson famously "put the telescope to the blind eye" in order not to see Admiral Parker's signal to cease fire. When a British expeditionary force Battle of Copenhagen (1807), to gain control of the Danish navy, the city suffered great damage and hundreds of people were killed. The reason why the devastation was so great was that Copenhagen relied on an old defence-line rendered virtually useless by the increase in shooting range available to the British. But not until the 1850s were the ramparts of the city opened to allow new housing to be built around the lakes ("Søerne") which bordered the old defence system to the west. This dramatic increase of space was long overdue, not only because the old ramparts were out of date as a defence system, but also because of bad sanitation in the old city. Before the opening, Copenhagen Center was inhabited by approximately 125,000 people, peaking in the census of 1870 (140,000); today the figure is around 25,000. In 1901, Copenhagen expanded further, incorporating communities with 40,000 people, and in the process making Frederiksberg an enclave within Copenhagen.

During World War II, Copenhagen was Occupation of Denmark along with the rest of the country from 9 April 1940 until 4 May 1945. In August 1943, when the government's collaboration with the occupation forces collapsed, several ships were sunk in Copenhagen Harbour by the Royal Danish Navy to prevent them being used by the Germans. The city has grown greatly since the war, in the seventies using the so-called five-finger-plan of commuter trainlines to surrounding towns and suburbs. in the wintertime

Since the summer 2000, the cities of Copenhagen and Malmö have been connected by a toll bridge/tunnel (Oresund Bridge), which allows both rail and road passengers to cross. It was inaugurated in July 2000 by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden of Sweden and Margrethe II of Denmark of Denmark. As a result, Copenhagen has become the centre of a larger metropolitan area which spans both nations. The construction of the bridge has led to a large number of changes to the public transportation system and the extensive redevelopment of Amager, south of the main city. The bridge has not yet been as widely used by motorists as was originally hoped, likely due to the high road tolls, allegedly slowing the planned integration of the region. Train passengers, however, are plentiful and increasing in numbers. The lack of a commonly acceptable currency throughout the area is another hindrance to the integration of the region, even though a growing number of shops, restaurants etc, if not usually encouraged, accept payment with either nation's currency in the other country.

Location Copenhagen is located on the eastern shore of the island of Zealand and partly on the island of Amager. Copenhagen faces to the east the Oresund, the strait of water that separates Denmark from Sweden, and that connects the North Sea with the Baltic Sea. On the Swedish side of the sound directly across from Copenhagen, lie the towns of Malmö and Landskrona.

Copenhagen is also a part of the Øresund region, which consists of the eastern part of Zealand in Denmark and the western part of Scania (region) in Sweden.

Boroughs and Areas Østerbro, Nørrebro (pic: Nørrebro), Vesterbro (pic: Central CPH seen from Vesterbro), Amagerbro (pic: Urban-planen near Amagerbro), Valby (pic: Domus Vista project in Valby), Kongens Enghave (King's Meadow Garden), also known as Sydhavnen (meaning South Harbour), Christianshavn, Freetown_Christiania, Sundbyvester (Sundby West),Sundbyøster (Sundby East), Ørestad (pic: Ørestad North), Islands Brygge (pic: Islands Brygge at night), Bellahøj (pic: Bellahøj projects), Brønshøj, Ryparken (pic: Ryparken), Bispebjerg, Vigerslev, Vestamager, Vanløse.

The term bro in the names Østerbro, Nørrebro, and Vesterbro should not be confused with the Danish word for bridge, which is also 'bro'. The term is thought to be an abbreviation or short form of the Danish word brolagt meaning paved referring to the roads paved with cobblestones leading to the city's former gates - Østerport, Nørreport, and Vesterport - around which these boroughs grew. Thus the names could roughly be translated as Eastern, Western, and Northern Paved (Road), respectively.

Today the names Østerport, Nørreport, and Vesterport all refer to train stations located on the railroad that was build where the city-walls used to be. This is the border between the medieval town and the rest of Indre By.

Outer suburbs Northern suburbs: Lyngby, Klampenborg, Søllerød, Brede, Gentofte, Charlottenlund, Virum, Sorgenfri, Nærum, Vedbæk, Tårbæk, Skodsborg, Holte and Birkerød. Some of these suburbs are spoken of as "The Whiskey Belt" because most families have a high income. Especially along the Strandvejen (Beach Road), where mostly owners of private enterprises live.

North-Western suburbs: Værløse, Farum, Bagsværd (pic: Central Bagsværd), Buddinge, Tingbjerg, Mørkhøj, Søborg, Vangede, Gladsaxe, Høje-Gladsaxe (Gladsaxe Heights) (pic: Gladsaxe Heights) and Hareskovby. These suburbs are mostly middle-class suburban. Mostly covered by single-family houses and in some areas housing projects. These suburbs are typically sleepy-towns with not much cultural life and mostly all shops closing at 8pm. Some of the areas have 65% or more percent of immigrants, while other areas, only have 5-6% immigrants or people with foreign-background.

Western suburbs: Herlev (pic: Herlev Hospital), Ballerup (pic: Block in Ballerup), Skovlunde, Islev, Måløv, Rødovre, Hvidovre, Glostrup, Brøndby (pic: Brøndby townhall), Hvessinge (pic: Hvessinge), Albertslund, Taastrup and Høje-Taastrup (Taastrup Heights), Hedehusene. Most of these suburbs have many industrial zones and low income shops along the main roads, especially along Roskildevej. The suburbs' inhabitants live in either single-family houses and high-rise housing projects as in Brøndby and in Høje-Taastrup which also houses a high number of immigrants. In Albertslund you find Denmark's largest concrete low-rise housing project.

South-Western suburbs: Avedøre, Åmarken, Brøndby Strand (pic: Brøndby Strand Projects), Vallensbæk, Ishøj, Hundige (pic: Hundige Central), Greve, Karlslunde, Solrød, Jersie and Køge. The suburbs closest to Copenhagen City are dominated by large housing projects/concrete suburb. This is mostly low-income areas. In the suburbs more far away, has mainly single-family houses. The south-western suburbs to Copenhagen has a sizeable number of immigrants and people born by immigrant parents.

Amager Island suburbs: Kastrup, Tårnby and Dragør. Dragør can be counted as a suburb because of the near distance to Copenhagen. But most people living in Dragør feel there are far from the people in Copenhagen because of lifestyle. Dragør also houses a lot of old houses, that makes Dragør look like a village town. Kastrup is the most "visited" suburb of Copenhagen simply because The Copenhagen Airport resides here, most of the houses in Kastrup is primarily single-family houses and low-rise. Tårnby has one small housing project and in the southern part of the suburb, is the names of the road named after African countries.

Population Since the exact city-limits of Copenhagen are poorly defined, the population numbers are somewhat abstract. Danmarks Statistik uses a measure of the contiguously built-up urban area of Copenhagen, this means the number of communities included in this statistical abstract has changed several times, in the abstracts latest edition with slightly more than 1.1 million (1,145,804(2007)) inhabitants. Statistics Denmark has never stated the geographical area of urban Copenhagen, surely because of the changes, and the information is hard to come by. However we know it consists of Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg and 16 of the 20 municipalities in the old counties Copenhagen County and Roskilde County, though 5 of them only partiallyLargest cities of Denmark 2007.

From 1 January 2007 the population of the 33 municipalities closest to and including the municipality of Copenhagen is 1,825,814 .(p.8)Population Land area: 2,673 km² (1,032 sq mi).(Copenhagen Region - Bornholm + East Zealand). Water area: 105 km² (40.5 sq mi).Orientering fra Københavns Kommune.Statistisk Kontor.2003 nr. 25 Thus, the region comprises 6.3% of the land area of Denmark, but has 33.5% of Denmark's population. This gives a total of 683 inhabitants per km² or 1,769 per square mile for the region. This compares with a population density in the rest of the country of approximately 90 per km² or around 230 per square mile.

A high-ranking civil servant of the Interior Ministry, Henning Strøm, who was involved in (i.e. known as "the Father of") a past municipal reform, which took effect on 1 April 1970, said on television, broadcast in connection with the recent Municipalities of Denmark#Municipality Reform 2007, that Copenhagen municipality would encompass an area with 1.5 million inhabitants, if the principles of the 1970 municipal reform were also applied on Copenhagen municipality.DR netnews 25-06-04 In other words: in the rest of Denmark the city occupies only part of the municipality, but in Copenhagen the municipality of Copenhagen occupies only part of the city of Copenhagen.

Demography Approximately 30% of all the children in the public schools of Copenhagen have a foreign background. Copenhagen now has a sizeable immigrant population which has slowly but steadily increased since the late 1960s when the first wave of immigrants arrived, then known as 'Guest workers'. Over the years others have joined them, especially refugees but also more foreign workers and students.

The foreigners and immigrants typically come from Western European countries such as neighbouring Sweden and Norway but also Great Britain, Eastern Europe (mostly Poland, Latvia and Lithuania), former Yugoslavia, the Middle East (esp. Turkey, Iraq, the West Bank/Gaza), Somalia, Pakistan and Vietnam.

Recreation and Culture General situation Copenhagen has been ranked as one of the world's best cities to live in, despite the high cost of living. Accommodation is quite affordable for the average person compared to London and Paris. Mercer: Copenhagen one of the world's best cities to live in

Strøget, a three kilometre long pedestrian shopping street in central Copenhagen was inaugurated in 1961. Copenhagen's extensive pedestrian network has been developed over the last 40 years through the work of architect and professor Jan Gehl.

Sexual equality is a high priority in Denmark. Women encounter little or no discrimination in Copenhagen, sexual harassment is rare compared to other Western capital cities, and crime against women is low.

Music and entertainment The Copenhagen Jazz Festival, which takes place in summer, is a popular annual event that is the result of a significant jazz scene having existed for many years. It developed significantly when a number of United States jazz musicians such as Ben Webster, Thad Jones, Richard B. Boone, Ernie Wilkins, Kenny Drew, Ed Thigpen, Bob Rockwell and others such as rock guitarist Link Wray came to live in Copenhagen during the 1960s.

For free entertainment one can stroll along Strøget, especially between Nytorv and Højbro Plads, which in the late afternoon and evening is a bit like an impromptu three-ring circus with musicians, Magician (illusion), jugglers and other busking.

Sports Copenhagen has a wide variety of sport teams. Denmark's leading football (soccer) teams, FC København, is based in Copenhagen. FC København plays at Parken in Østerbro, Copenhagen.Notable Copenhagen teams playing at the second highest level in Danish football (the Danish 1st Division) include Akademisk Boldklub, Hellerup IK, Boldklubben Frem, Brønshøj Boldklub, Fremad Amager and Skjold.

Copenhagen also has three ice hockey teams: Rødovre Mighty Bulls, Herlev Hornets and Nordsjælland Cobras.

There is both a men's and a women's handball team, and both teams play in the highest league. Both of the handballteams are owned by FC København and have the same name and logo. They were formerly known as FIF.

Rugby union is also played in the Danish capital with teams such as CSR-Nanok, Copenhagen Scrum, Exiles, Froggies and Rugbyklubben Speed.

The Danish Australian Football League, based in Copenhagen is the largest Australian rules football competition outside of the Anglosphere.

Copenhagen is also home to a number of Denmark's 40-odd cricket clubs. Although Denmark has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 1966, the sport is not taught much in schools, and Danish cricket team competes unfavourably with the much more widely followed sport of football for players, facilities, media attention and spectators.

Copenhagen is also home to three prominent paintball teams, the Copenhagen Ducks, The Ugly Ducklings and the Copenhagen Berserks. Because of paintball's relative popularity in Scandinavia, these teams are well-known throughout the globe, despite Denmark's small size.

The second World Outgames will take place in Copenhagen in 2009, after Berlin refused to stage them due to the continuing rivalry between the two gay sporting organisations.

Cuisine Copenhagen offers a great variety of fine restaurants and it is possible to find modest eateries with open sandwiches (called "smørrebrød"), which is the traditional and most known dish. Most restaurants, though, serve international dishes.

Also, Copenhagen is known for the hot dog stands found throughout the city. The city is also home to many fine bakeries and pastry shops.

The city boasts an impressive 10 Michelin Guide restaurants. Restaurant Noma (Nordisk Madhus) has currently been voted the 15th best restaurant in the world, and recently it received another Michelin Guide in addition with the one it already had received.

Since the mid-eighties, immigration from the Middle East, Turkey and Arabian countries has introduced fast food dishes like kebab and falafel, which have become as popular as more traditional Danish fast food.

Economy Copenhagen is a center for business and science, not only in Denmark, but also in the Oresund Region and Scandinavia. Thus the Copenhagen Capital Region had both the highest GDP per capita and economic growth in the whole of Denmark in 2005http://www.dst.dk/Statistik/Nyt/emneopdelt/nytsingle.aspx?countid=8883&ci=true&pti=1. In a survey of the world's richest cities in 2006, Copenhagen was ranked 9th, and along with the Norwegian capital Oslo the highest gross wages were paid in Copenhagen, but the high taxes mean that wages are reduced after mandatory deduction.http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest_cities.html Furthermore, Copenhagen has in several surveys been ranked as one of the most expensive cities in the Worldhttp://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities_eiu.htmlhttp://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities2.html. Copenhagen is an attractive city for business running, and several international companies have established their regional headquarters in Copenhagen. A substantial number of danish pharmaceuticals such as Novo Nordisk, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Bavarian Nordic also operates in the area, having placed their headquarters in or close to Copenhagen.http://www.usatoday.com/marketplace/ibi/copenhagen.htm

Infrastructure Roads and Motorways The Harbour of Copenhagen The harbour of Copenhagen, also known as Copenhagen Port has several functions but its main function today is as one of the leading cruise destinations in the world.

Cruise Copenhagen Network was established in 1992 as a partnership between the Port of Copenhagen, the City of Copenhagen and 45 professional suppliers, in order to strengthen and develop Copenhagen as the most successful home port for cruises in Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea.The trade magazine Dream World Cruise Destinations recently polled the cruise lines, who voted Copenhagen no. 1 in several categories:

Most Responsive Port: The port with a cruise team that responds quickly to requests for information and finds solutions to the challenges and demands of the cruise lines.

Best Destination Experience - Independent Sightseeing: Destination where the quality of the experience derives from passengers making their own arrangements for their time ashore.

World Travel Awards has several years in a row awarded Copenhagen Port as the number one cruise destination in Europe as well as the best port in the world (www.worldtravelawards.com).

Airports Copenhagen has two nearby airports, Kastrup (the large international airport) and Roskilde Lufthavn (the small international airport). Kastrup, also known as Copenhagen Airport (CPH) is Europe's 17th largest airport and has four times won the prestigious award as being "The best airport in Europe" and two times as "The best airport in the world". Roskilde Lufthavn is suited west of Copenhagen and is mostly used for National and low fare airlines.

Public transport

The public transportation system of Copenhagen consists of commuter trains (called "S-Trains" (S-tog)), Movia (transit agency), and a Copenhagen Metro. The S-trains form the basis of the transportation network, stretching to most areas of metropolitan Copenhagen, with their main hub at Copenhagen Central Station (København H). Some regional trains supplement the S-train services with lines extending further such as to the Copenhagen Airport, Elsinore, and Malmö.

Tickets are transferable from one means of transport to another (e.g. from bus to train) as long as the time limit is not exceeded. Most of the former Copenhagen region, 33 municipalities (see above (Population)), is divided into ninety-five zones, which determine the cost of a ticket. The more zones a ticket is valid for, the longer its time validity with a maximum of two hours. A trip of seven or more zones costs a base rate.

Discount cards, known as punch cards (klippekort), as well as period cards are available. Ticket prices are high and have increased substantially in recent years leading to a decrease in passenger numbers. In fact, the percentage of trips made on public transportation in Copenhagen is quite low by northern European standards.

An extensive road system is also in place, and the city's bicycle paths are extensive and well-used. The city provides Community bicycle program which can be found throughout the downtown area and used with a returnable deposit of 20 Danish krone. Bicycle paths are often separated from the main traffic lanes and sometimes have their own signal systems. Copenhagen is known as one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, ICLEI "Cities Enjoy Bicycles" awards for bicycle-friendly cities, in which Copenhagen was awarded a certificate of honour and is a center of bicycle culture.

All S-Train and other Danish train schedules can be found at www.dsb.dkmetro information at www.m.dk

Bus schedules and routes- www.movia.dk

Directions, route planners, fares, maps, etc about getting around in Copenhagen at www.rejseplanen.dk

Palace - home of the Danish Parliament Folketinget, the Supreme Court, Office of the Prime Minister and official reception area of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark - the former Stock Exchange building statue in Copenhagen harbor - home of the Danish royal family. The central building is the domed Frederik's Church located behind the palace complex

Places of note in or near Copenhagen


Notable natives

References

Notes

See also

External links



copenhagen
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Copenhagen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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